English in Europe is not one but many, and substantial differences in the way people from different countries communicate using it may cause misunderstandings. This book shows that, through research into the pragmatic behaviour of non-native speakers of English from across Europe, it is possible to uncover the core ‐ the shared strategies. This common pragmatic linguistic behaviour is proposed as the basis for a reference guide for those who wish to successfully communicate in English in Europe.
Why did some countries and regions of Europe reach high levels of economic advancement in the nineteenth century, while others were left behind? This new transnational survey of the continent's economic development highlights the role of regional differences in shaping each country's economic path and outcome.
This is a revised and enlarged edition of an authoritative introduction to the history of world art. Broader in scope than any comparable survey, the volume examines architecture, sculpture, painting, and the minor arts from pre-history to the present. The text has been enlarged to include a chapter on Pre-Historic Art, another on the arts of the American Indians in Peru and Mexico, and a third on the Art of Primitive Peoples. The chapters on the arts of the twentieth century in Europe and America have been greatly expanded to incorporate the further artistic achievement and increased historical perspective of the past decade. Full attention is also given to the art of the Near and Far East.
Through close readings of major poems, this book examines why the second-generation Romantic poets - Byron, Shelley, and Keats - stage so much of their poetry in Eastern or Orientalized settings. It argues that they do so not only to interrogate their own imaginations, but also as a way of criticizing Europe's growing imperialism. For them the Orient is a projection of Europe's own fears and desires. It is therefore a charged setting in which to explore and contest the limits of the age's aesthetics, politics and culture.
