The Evidential Basis of Linguistic Argumentation (Studies in Language Companion Series) - 2014

Currently, one of the methodological debates in linguistics focuses on the question of what kinds of data are allowed in different linguistic theories and what subtypes of data can work as evidence for or against particular hypotheses. The first part of the volume puts forward a methodological framework called the ‘p-model’ that is expected to account for the data/evidence problem in linguistics.

This volume has arisen from the 26th International LAUD Symposium on “Humboldt and Whorf Revisited. Universal and Culture-Specific Conceptualizations in Grammar and Lexis”. While contrasting two or more languages, the papers in this volume either provide empirical evidence confirming hypotheses related to linguistic relativity, or deal with methodological issues of empirical research.These new approaches to Whorf’s hypotheses do not focus on mere theorizing but provide more and more empirical evidence gathered over the last years.

From shortly before AD 800 until the Norman Conquest, England was subject to raids from seafaring peoples from Scandinavia—the Vikings. However, they were not only raiders but also traders and settlers. Using the latest archaeological evidence, the author reassesses the Viking contribution to Late Anglo-Saxon England and examines the creation of the new mixed Anglo-Scandinavian identity.

Every language includes layers of lexical and grammatical elements that entered it at different times in the more or less distant past. Hence, for periods preceding our earliest historical documentation, linguistic stratigraphy — the systematic study of such layers — may yield information about the prehistory of a given tradition of speaking in a variety of ways. For instance, irregular phonological reflexes may be evidence of the convergence of diverse dialects in the formation of a language, and layers of material from different source languages may form a record of changing cultural contacts in the past.

Cambridge IELTS 8 - Reading Explanation

The guide is structured in the table format with different columns: Question, Key, Paragraph Evidence, Sentence Evidence and most importantly, Comment. Cambridge IELTS series is well known for its accuracy and relevance because it is claimed as past IELTS papers. However, it does not provide details of answer key to the Reading section, which causes a great deal of confusion to the reader. As such, the Evidence columns will serve as an essential guide, especially, for moderate-level students. In the Comment column, personal views regarding reading strategies, synonym, key vagueness or confusion will be presented. 

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