In recent years the focus in linguistics research has shifted from the investigation of syntax, phonology and logical semantics supported by intuitions and speculation, to a more hard-nosed analysis of words in text and speech, focusing on how words are actually used. As such, lexicography has moved from the periphery to the centre of language research. At the same time, lexicography itself is in transition from a highly traditional craft, to a new interdisciplinary science. This handbook contrasts traditional methods of lexicography with newly emerging electronic and corpus-driven approaches.

This book explores the reciprocal influence of friendship ideals and narrative forms in eighteenth-century British fiction. It examines how various novelists, from Samuel Richardson to Mary Shelley, drew upon classical and early modern conceptions of true amity as a model of collaborative pedagogy. Analyzing authors, their professional circumstances, and their audiences, the study shows how the rhetoric of friendship became a means of paying deference to the increasing power of readerships, while it also served as a semi-covert means to persuade resistant readers and confront aesthetic and moral debates head on.

In this third, fully revised edition, the 10 volume Encyclopedia of Language and Education offers the newest developments, including an entirely new volume of research and scholarly content, essential to the field of language teaching and learning in the age of globalization. In the selection of topics and contributors, the Encyclopedia reflects the depth of disciplinary knowledge, breadth of interdisciplinary perspective, and diversity of socio-geographic experience in the language and education field. Throughout, there is an inclusion of contributions from non-English speaking and non-western parts of the world, providing truly global coverage.

This book offers a major reassessment of John Clare’s poetry and his position in the Romantic canon. Alert to Clare’s knowledge of the work of his Romantic contemporaries and near contemporaries, it puts forward the first extended series of comparisons of Clare’s poetry with texts we now think of as defining the period – in particular poems by Robert Burns, William Wordsworth, Lord Byron, and John Keats.

This volume addresses language socialization, the research area that focuses on the social, cultural and interactional contexts in which language and other knowledge are learned, both formally and informally. The volume offers: •An important 30-year retrospective of the roots and development of language socialization •Insights from a wide range of linguistic, ethnic, and geographical regions of the world •Views on language socialization as a lifelong process that takes place in various and multiple settings and over first and second/foreign languages •Approaches from different, complementary traditions and disciplines