After emerging from the long shadow cast by the Soviet Union, the Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania and neighboring Poland transitioned from communism to market economies and instituted democratic reforms in a remarkably short time. Although each continues to contend with various economic and political issues, their successes have allowed them to become some of the few former Eastern bloc states to join the European Union. The journeys each country has made-from antiquity to the present-and the remarkable peoples and cultures that make their populations are the subjects of this captivating volume.
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This fourth edition has been fully revised and continues to provide a balanced and detailed guide to the theoretical landscape. Each theory is applied to a wide range of languages, including Bengali, Chinese, English, French, German, Italian, Punjabi, Portuguese and Spanish. A broad spectrum of texts is analysed, including the Bible, Buddhist sutras, Beowulf, the fiction of García Márquez and Proust, European Union and UNESCO documents, a range of contemporary films, a travel brochure, a children’s cookery book and the translations of Harry Potter.
ONE HUNDRED AND fifty years ago this July, Union and Confederate armies clashed close to the Pennsylvania town of Gettysburg. Although few realised it at the time, this three-day battle – a Union victory – was to become a defining moment of the American Civil War.
Settlement of Australia by Europeans began on 26 January 1788. On that day Captain Arthur Phillip of the Royal Navy stepped ashore at Sydney Cove, accompanied by his officers and a detachment of Marines. Beside the steadily flowing Tank Stream they erected a flagpole and raised Britain’s Union flag. A proclamation by the King was read, claiming just over half the continent as a possession of Great Britain for the penal colony of New South Wales.
