Language Change is a workbook. From the beginning the reader is presented with interesting data on change in English and in other languages, and is invited to consider these data carefully and to draw suitable conclusions. Each unit consists of a brief introduction to a particular topic followed by a set of exercises expanding the ideas introduced. Among the topics covered are the various types of language change, attitudes to language change, consequences of language change and methods for working backward to reconstruct historical developments. R. L. Trask also covers the most dramatic types of change: the birth and death of languages.
A complement clause is used instead of a noun phrase; for example one can say either I heard [the result] or I heard [that England beat France]. Languages differ in the grammatical properties of complement clauses, and the types of verbs which take them. Some languages lack a complement clause construction but instead employ other construction types to achieve similar ends; these are called complementation strategies.
This dictionary presents a complete listing of the collocations in the
Brown Corpus, which is the standard American corpus containing one
million words of text from many different genres dating from 1961.
Collocations, as defined by the author, are recurring sequences of
grammatically well-formed items. They make up the building blocks of
the native speaker's mental lexicon and hence are an essential element
of linguistic competence. Examples of collocations are: at the outset,
could be expected to, not significantly different from, peaceful
coexistence, powdered coffee, and with great difficulty. The dictionary
lists some 85,000 collocational types; for each collocation there are
statistics showing its frequency, distribution, and degree of
prominence. It will be an invaluable reference source for researchers
in linguistics, English-language teaching, lexicography, stylistics,
and automatic language analysis.
Added by: Maria | Karma: 3098.81 | Exam Materials | 12 September 2008
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