BioScience is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal. It publishes literature reviews of current research in biology, as well as essays and discussion sections on education, public policy, history of biology, and theoretical issues.
This book proposes an original policy framework for addressing hate speech. Gelber argues that a policy designed to provide support to affected groups and communities to enable them to speak back when hate speech occurs, is a more useful way of addressing the harms of hate speech than punitive measures. She suggests that “speaking back” allows the affected groups to contradict the messages contained in the words of the hate speakers, and to counteract the silencing, disempowering and marginalising effects of hate speech.
This text poses a challenge to traditional economic theory, arguing that people do not act in expectation of monetary gain alone, nor do they work solely to get paid. It aims to show that higher monetary compensation crowds-out motivation, and offering higher pay makes people less committed to their work, and may reduce their performance. The first part of the book examines the crowding-out effect and the motivational spill-over effect. A large number of applications to constitutional questions, various policy issues and the organization of firms is explored in the second part. In the last part is a discussion of the substantial consequences for policy making and economic theory.
Illuminating, through ethnographic inquiry, how individual agents "make" language policy in everyday social practice, this volume advances the growing field of language planning and policy using a critical sociocultural approach. From this perspective, language policy is conceptualized not only as official acts and documents, but as language-regulating modes of human interaction, negotiation, and production mediated by relations of power.
Over the last 50 years, language policy has developed into a major discipline, drawing on research and practice in many nations and at many levels. This is the first Handbook to deal with language policy as a whole and is a complete 'state-of-the-field' survey, covering language practices, beliefs about language varieties, and methods and agencies for language management. It provides a historical background which traces the development of classical language planning, describes activities associated with indigenous and endangered languages, and contains chapters on imperialism, colonialism, effects of migration and globalization, and educational policy.
