The simple castles raised after the Norman conquest had been developed throughout 11th and 12th centuries, whilst the introduction of Islamic and Byzantine fortification techniques from the late 12th century led to further developments in castle architecture. These fortifications were to be well tested throughout the course of the 13th century as England was riven by the conflict, characterized by prolonged sieges, between the monarchy and powerful magnates. As well as providing the focus for warfare, castles increasingly became the centres of their communities
Upstream Upper Intermediate B2+ is a modular secondary-level course for learners of the English language at upper-intermediate level. The series combines active English learning with a variety of lively topics presented in themed units
Upstream Upper Intermediate B2+ is a modular secondary-level course for learners of the English language at upper-intermediate level. The series combines active English learning with a variety of lively topics presented in themed units
Upstream Upper Intermediate B2+ is a modular secondary-level course for learners of the English language at upper-intermediate level. The series combines active English learning with a variety of lively topics presented in themed units.
Celem tej książki jest zapoznanie czytelników ze słownictwem gospodarki, biznesu i polityki z uwzględnieniem aktualnych zagadnień i terminologii stosowanej w gospodarce rynkowej.
