The aim of this book is to offer insights into recent trends, emerging issues and challenges in the field of teaching and assessing young language learners and to outline which aspects the chapters in this volume highlight in various educational contexts.Trends, Issues, and Challenges in Assessing Young Language Learners Do Developments in Assessment Represent the ‘Coming of Age’ of Young Learners English Language Teaching Initiatives? The International Picture The “Global Scale of English Learning Objectives for Young Learners”: A CEFR- Based Inventory of Descriptors A Framework for Young EFL Learners’ Diagnostic Assessment: ‘Can Do Statements’ and Task Types Examining Content Representativeness of a Young Learner Language Assessment: EFL Teachers’ Perspectives Developing and Piloting Proficiency Tests for Polish Young Learners The Development and Validation of a Computer-Based Test of English for Young Learners: Cambridge English Young Learners Learning EFL from Year 1 or Year 3? A Comparative Study on Children’s EFL Listening and Reading Comprehension at the End of Primary Education A Longitudinal Study of a School’s Assessment Project in Chongqing, China Individual Learner Differences and Young Learners’ Performance on L2 Speaking Tests The Role of Individual Differences in the Development of Listening Comprehension in the Early Stages of Language Learning Self-Assessment of and for Young Learners’ Foreign Language Learning Relationships between Peer- and Self- Assessment and Teacher Assessment of Young EFL Learners’ Oral Presentations