Translation Manual by Dr. M. Enani

This book, this Manual of English-Arabic Translation, is a course
for beginners whose mother tongue is Arabic but who have learnt
English as a second language for a number of years. It is a
preliminary, though not necessarily too elementary, course in
English-Arabic Translation : those who can read and understand
English will find it a useful beginning (if they want to practise
translation either as a help in their jobs or as a career). The emphasis
throughout is on syntactical and morphological transformations in the
process of rendering English into Arabic. The method is therefore
designed to help the student translate the passages given himself /
herself with the help of Arabic translation(s) of the new /
difficult-to-translate words, and a full guide to the teacher who may
undertake to give this course. Although addressed to the teacher
mostly, my notes (appended to each passage) are also addressed to the
learner. The user is therefore encouraged to read what I have called
‘exercises’ and see what he/she can get out of them. I have not
confined my comments to problem words and phases, or, indeed, to
how to undertake the aforementioned transformations : sometimes I
go out of my way to explain a grammatical rule in English or in
Arabic, all part of the well-known ‘contrastive analysis’ technique,
and sometimes I point out some of the common mistakes in both
languages and ways to correct them.