Contents PART I Inhalation Toxicology: Methods and Measurements Chapter 1 Inhalation Risk Assessment at the Environmental Protection Agency 3 Chapter 2 The Development and Application of Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances 39 Chapter 3 Emergency Response Planning Guidelines (ERPGs) 61 Chapter 4 Directed-Flow Aerosol Inhalation Exposure Systems: Applications to Pathogens and Highly Toxic Agents 73 Chapter 5 Low-Level Effects of VX Vapor Exposure on Pupil Size and Cholinesterase Levels in Rats 91 Chapter 6 Application of Intratracheal Instillation Exposure to the Etiological Determination of a Pulmonary Disease Outbreak: Nylon Flock as an Example 109 Chapter 7 The Use of Large Animals in Inhalation Toxicology 119 Chapter 8 Toxic Load Modeling 137 Chapter 9 Inhalation Toxicology and Carcinogenicity Studies of the National Toxicology Program 159 Chapter 10 Toxicology of Fire and Smoke 205
PART II Inhalation Toxicology Methods Chapter 11 Toxicogenomics of Low-Level Nerve Agent Vapor Exposure 231 Chapter 12 Respiratory Sensitization 243 Chapter 13 Peripheral Chemosensory Irritation with Particular Reference to Respiratory Tract Exposure 269 Chapter 14 Role of Cytokines in Pulmonary Inflammation and Fibrosis Induced by Inhaled Mineral Particles 307 Chapter 15 Hormesis: Implications for Risk Assessment 335 Chapter 16 Nasal Toxicology 349 Chapter 17 Effects of Inhaled Toxicants on the Nose and Nasal Function 373 Chapter 18 Toxicokinetics: Deposition, Absorption, Distribution, and Excretion 405
Chapter 19 Mechanistic Determinants and Modeling of the Inhalation Pharmacokinetics of Volatile Organic Chemicals 439 Chapter 20 Inhalation Toxicology of an Irritant Gas—Historical Perspectives, Current Research, and Case Studies of Phosgene Exposure 457 Chapter 21 Inhalation Toxicology of Riot Control Agents 485 Chapter 22 Chemical Warfare Agents and Nuclear Weapons 521 Chapter 23 The Inhalation Toxicology of Chromium Compounds 543 Chapter 24 Safety Assessment of Therapeutic Agents Administered by the Respiratory Route 565 Chapter 25 Nonclinical Pharmacology and Safety Studies of Insulin Administered to the Respiratory Tract 609
PART III Inhalation Toxicology of Materials Chapter 26 Inhalation Toxicology of Alcohol/Gasoline Fuels—Current Status 623 Chapter 27 Asbestos 647 Chapter 28 The Inhalation Toxicity of Benzene 669 Chapter 29 Carbon Monoxide 695 Chapter 30 Experimental, Clinical, Occupational Toxicology, and Forensic Aspects of Hydrogen Cyanide with Particular Reference to Vapor Exposure 717 Chapter 31 The Pharmacology and Toxicology of Inhaled Dusts, Endotoxins, and Glucans 803 Chapter 32 Fluorocarbon Alternatives—Methodologies for Special Studies and Results 825 Chapter 33 Animal Models for Three Major Cigarette-Smoke-Induced Diseases 851 Chapter 34 The Impact of Active and Passive Exposure to Cigarette Smoke on Maternal and Fetal Health 875
PART IV Inhalation Toxicology of Bioaerosols Chapter 35 Health Aspects of Bioaerosols 913 Chapter 36 Emerging Biothreats: Natural and Deliberate 933 Chapter 37 Toxicology Associated with Respiratory Exposures to Fungi (Molds) 945 Chapter 38 Inhalation Toxicity of Botulinum Neurotoxin 963 Chapter 39 Inhalation Ricin: Aerosol Procedures, Animal Toxicology, and Therapy 973 Chapter 40 Toxicity, Mechanisms, Prophylaxis, and Therapy of Inhaled Biological Toxins 983