In 2009, seven school districts and four charter management organizations (CMOs) joined with the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation as Partnership Sites to Empower Effective Teaching. In these sites, system, board, and union leaders committed to redesign how they develop, evaluate, recognize, and retain effective teachers as a foundation for improving teaching and learning. Now those efforts are bringing critical questions of school leadership to the fore, driving changes in expectations for principals and for how school systems organize to support principals and other instructional leaders.