The argument is framed primarily through Nietzsche's critique of traditional notions of responsibility that require a commitment to such concepts as causality, agency, will, and subjectivity. Raffoul argues that Nietzsche's critique opens the way for more recent philosophers to think ethics and responsibility anew. By exploring these developments, he underscores the notion of responsibility as central to Continental philosophies of ethics, albeit as completely reconceptualized in a way that problematizes the 'ethicality of ethics.' These accounts do not view ethics as a set of normative rules or an applied discipline but instead question the meaning of ethics as such. They also rethink responsibility in a postmetaphysical fashion that leaves behind the ideology of subjectivity and free will.