Fundamentals of Formulaic Language: An Introduction (2015)
Over the past few decades there has been a steadily increasing interest and research focus on the phenomenon of formulaic language in the fields of linguistics and applied linguistics. Slowly, a consistent definition has emerged, centring around the idea that formulaic sequences are multi-word units with specific meanings or functions, and some evidence points to their being processed mentally as wholes. Researchers from diverse backgrounds have identified the nature and roles of formulaic sequences in language acquisition and production, in the construction of text and discourse, in spoken and written language, and in language teaching...
Teaching Formulaic Sequences in the ESL ClassroomIn both second language (L2) research and pedagogy, individual words have been considered the basic lexical unit because individual words are convenient to identify, teach, and work with. However, there is a growing awareness that language users do not always process language word by word, but also make use of formulaic sequences. In fact, it has been estimated that formulaic sequences constitute more than 50% of spoken and written English discourse and that these sequences are strongly associated with fluent, communicative, native-like language production. This means that in order to appear proficient, English as a second language (ESL) learners also need to gain mastery of these sequences.
There is currently a wealth of activity involving the analysis of complex segmental sequences from phonetic, phonological and psycholinguistic perspectives. This volume draws from selected contributions to the conference Consonant Clusters and Structural Complexity held in Munich in August 2008. Consonant sequences, whether occurring within individual lexical items or emerging in running speech at word boundaries, give particularly striking evidence for the temporal complexity of human speech. But contributions also consider the integration of tonal and vocalic elements into syllable structure.
This excellent undergraduate calculus text offers students an unusual perspective on concepts of integration in Euclidean spaces and their relationship to other mathematical areas. Subjects include sets and structures, limit and continuity in En, measure and integration, differentiable mappings, sequences and series, applications of improper integrals, and more. Preface. Problems. Problems with tips and solutions for some.
