This study investigates the way in which the speaker's attitude to what is said is implicitly coded in grammar. Using a wealth of material from earlier stages of English as well as present-day English, the author sheds new light on a set of six grammatical constructions, a subset of which belongs to the most important and most widely investigated grammatical phenomena. culture-specific and universal factors.
This grammar book offers a simple but comprehensive syntactic system which enables the student to analyze any sentence down to word level with a specification of both the form and the function of constituents at all levels. This analytic technique allows the student to approach the many grammatical problems in a consistent and revealing manner.
This monograph is an empirical study of a particular type of grammatical variation - genitive variation in English. Comparing the results of a Modern English experimental study and historical evidence for the development of genitive variation, the main empirical finding of this study is that the s-genitive has become more productive again from late Middle to Modern English. A new theoretical approach to grammatical variation is proposed which places the choice of genitive construction into the mind of individual language users and, in so doing, tries to account for the observed change.
This work is essentially based on grammaticalization theory a branch of linguistics which has gained prominence since the 1980s. It focuses on the interaction between diachrony and synchrony, langue and parole or, for that matter, competence and performance, I language and ? language. It does not see these levels as distinct linguistic domains, as much structurally oriented work does. It is important for the present purposes that such an interactionist view entails that performance effects may over time cause new grammatical code relations. Hence the importance of statistical empirical research, which led the author to adopt a predominantly corpus-based approach."
Grammar Activities 1 is for students at a mid-intermediate level including those just beginning a course for the Cambridge First Certificate examination. It is intended as a coursebook supplement. It provides presentation and consolidation, using a variety of contexts and approaches, of grammatical areas which cause learners problems at this level. It contains 76 free-standing worksheets arranged alphabetically by grammar point and five review worksheets. Where there are several worksheets that focus on the same grammatical area, they are ordered from simple to complex so they can be used independently or in sequence.
