Raymond F. Betts considers the 'process' of decolonization and the outcomes which have left a legacy of problems, drawing on numerous examples including Ghana, India, Rwanda and Hong Kong.
Empires of Medieval West Africa: Ghana, Mali, and Songhay (Great Empires of the Past)
Beginning about 1200 CE, the Mali, Songhay, and Ghana empires spread their sequential influence across the western horn of Africa, making advances in trade, language, culture, and economy. Influenced heavily by Islam in their later periods, these empires flourished and grew under a series of powerful leaders, including one, Mansa Musa, whose skills were celebrated in European capitals.
Take an in-depth look at treasured sites associated with the rich cultural history of Africa by traveling to Ghana, Mali and Madagascar. In Ghana, investigate the rich Gold Coast, the home of the Ashanti kingdom, which flourished in the 18th century, and the famed villages of clay of the Dogon people in Mali. Then it's off to the beautiful tropical island of Madagascar to investigate the ancient and little known Vazimba culture, a people whose name means "those who have always been here."