BRIEF CONTENTS
PART 1 STRATEGIES FOR READING AND WRITING 1
1 The Connection between Reading and Writing 2
2 Getting Started 32
3 Organizing and Drafting 64
4 Revising for Content and Organization 102
5 Revising for Effective Expression 124
PART 2 PATTERNS OF DEVELOPMENT 151
6 Description 152
7 Narration 184
8 Exemplification 216
9 Process Analysis 250
10 Comparison-Contrast 282
11 Cause-and-Effect Analysis 312
12 Definition 344
13 Classification and Division 372
14 Combining Patterns of Development 408
PART 3 USING THE PATTERNS OF DEVELOPMENT 431
15 Argumentation 432
16 Conducting Research 484
17 Writing with Sources and Using Proper Documentation 516
18 Assessment: Assembling a Writing Portfolio and Writing Essay Exam Answers 556
19 Writing about Literature 564
PART 4 A GUIDE TO FREQUENTLY OCCURRING ERRORS 575
20 Word Choice 576
21 Sentence Fragments 590
22 Run-on Sentences and Comma Splices 596
23 Verbs 602
24 Pronouns 616
25 Modifiers 632
26 Punctuation 642
27 Capitalization, Spelling, Abbreviations,
and Numbers 664
Appendix A: Parts of Speech 675
Appendix B: Document Design 683
